01 - Preheat oven to 350°F and line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners.
02 - Whisk together flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and pumpkin pie spice in a large bowl.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk together oil, eggs, pumpkin purée, milk, and vanilla extract until smooth.
04 - Add wet ingredients to dry ingredients and mix until just combined. Avoid overmixing to prevent tough muffins.
05 - Beat cream cheese and sugar until smooth. Add egg yolk, heavy cream, cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and vanilla. Beat until creamy and well incorporated.
06 - Fill each muffin liner approximately 2/3 full with pumpkin muffin batter.
07 - Drop about 1 tablespoon of chai cheesecake filling onto each batter portion. Gently swirl with a toothpick to marble the filling into the muffin batter.
08 - Bake for 20-22 minutes until a toothpick inserted into the muffin portion (avoiding cheesecake center) comes out clean.
09 - Let muffins cool in the pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely before serving.